What types of SDM space division multiplexing optical fibers are there?

 In the research and development of new optical fiber technology, SDM spatial division multiplexing has attracted great attention. The application of SDM in optical fiber mainly has two directions: core division multiplexing (CDM), which is transmission through the core of multi-core optical fiber. or mode division multiplexing (M DM), which transmits through the propagation modes of few-mode or multi-mode optical fiber.

Core division multiplexing (CDM) optical fiber mainly uses two solutions in principle.

The first is based on the use of single-core fiber optic bundles (fiber ribbons), in which parallel single-mode optical fibers are packaged together to form fiber optic bundles or ribbon cables that can provide up to hundreds of parallel links.

The second solution is based on transmitting data on a single core (single mode per core) embedded in the same fiber, i.e. in an MCF multi-core fiber. Each fiber core is considered an independent single channel.

MDM (Mode Division Multiplexing) optical fiber refers to the transmission of data on different modes of optical fiber, each mode can be regarded as an independent channel.

Two common types of MDM are multimode fiber (MMF) and few-mode fiber (FMF). The main difference between the two is the number of modes (channels available). Since MMF can support a large number of modes (dozens), inter-modal crosstalk as well as differential mode group delay (DMGD) become large.

In addition, photonic crystal fiber (PCF) can also be said to belong to this type. It is based on the properties of photonic crystals, which confine light through the band gap effect, using pores in its cross-section to transmit it. PCF is mainly made of SiO2, As2S3 and other materials. Air holes are introduced in the area around the core to change the refractive index contrast between the core and the cladding.

CDM fiber can be said to be simply the addition of parallel single-mode fiber cores, carrying information, embedded in the same cladding fiber (multi-core fiber MCF or single-core fiber bundle). MDM mode division multiplexing is to use multiple spatial optical modes in the transmission medium as a single/separate/independent data channel, usually for short-distance interconnection transmission.

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